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Worksheet for Using an Article About Prognosis
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Are the Results of the Study Valid?
1. Was there a representative and well-defined sample of
patients at a similar point in the course of the disease?
Inclusion and exclusion criteria?
Selection biases?
Stage of disease?
[ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Can't Tell
2. Was follow-up sufficiently long and complete?
Reasons for incomplete follow-up?
Prognostic factors similar for patients lost- and not lost-to-follow-up?
[ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Can't Tell
3. Were objective and unbiased outcome criteria used?
Outcomes defined at start of study?
Investigaotors "blind" to prognostic factors?
[ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Can't Tell
4. Was there adjustment for important prognostic factors?
[ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Can't Tell
6. Overall, are the results of the study valid?
[ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Can't Tell
What were the Results?
1. How large is the likelihood of the outcome event(s) in a specified period of time?
Survival curves?
[ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Can't Tell
2. How precise are the estimates of likelihood?
Confidence intervals?
Will the Results Help Me in Caring for My Patients?
1. Were the study patients similar to my own?
Patients similar for demographics, severity, co-morbidity, and other prognostic factors?
Compelling reason why the results should not be applied?
[ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Can't Tell
2. Will the results lead directly to selecting or avoiding therapy?
[ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Can't Tell
3. Are the results useful for reassuring or counselling patients?
[ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Can't Tell